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[lastpost] => 2749378 为什么比特币今天会下跌？分析师认为有3个主要原因！下一波大幅反弹将出现-转 1752948872 爬格子的瘦书生
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我刚刚读完人类学家大卫·格雷伯的《债务：前5000年》。这本书从一个严重偏离传统经济思维的角度，审视了货币、债务的历史，以及它们与社会结构的关系。* ]6 G: F9 p3 u$ O, d- v* {- Q0 |
传统智慧描绘了一幅人们直接为彼此交换商品和服务效率低下的画面，以及由此固有问题自然产生的金钱。格雷伯从人类学史的角度彻底否定了这种叙事。原始社区只是相互自由地共享资源，过着共同的生活方式，很少发生物物交换，而且只有在单独的社区相互互动的情况下才会发生。它在早期社会的社区内部事务中没有发挥任何作用。
" x% w4 D$ N# I+ M/ Z, O货币，就像商品货币一样，只是开始在罕见的远距离社区间互动中使用。当地经济并没有开始使用这种交换机制。他们使用信贷。由ZF经营和监督的信贷，如古代苏美尔。这种制度源于人们在更原始的社会ZG享资源时考虑的非正式“信用”。但它是由苏美尔ZF和寺庙的权力结构正式化和维护的。在交换过程中，货币不会易手，人们只需记录存放在寺庙的债务，并定期用实际消费品结算债务。
; L$ N4 _+ f0 X' N) ^! D债务出现在货币发行之前，由国家大规模创造和维持。商品货币只是后来才出现，再次由国家铸造和流通，因为大规模的基于信任的文明崩溃，让位于交战的帝国。在一个战争不断、军队四处游荡的时期，债务和信贷没有多大意义，而且根本不确定他们在继续前进后是否会回来偿还债务。
% B0 n( m) W6 x/ A4 E0 w1 g2 g从那时起，随着现代和中央银行的异常，人类社会在虚拟信贷货币和硬币之间摇摆不定，这取决于当时的时代是否主要基于大规模战争和征服。同样的模式在各个时代都在重复，在使用硬币的大帝国衰落后，人们创建了自己的非正式和本地化的信贷网络，ZF慢慢地介入其中进行调解，随着暴力帝国的崛起，硬币的回归不可避免。
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回归的这个是可以在看到清楚了
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