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[虚拟币资讯]
详解MEV的运作方式：有多黑暗？以太坊合并对其有何影响？
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摘要： 最大可提取价值（MEV）是矿工通过对区块中的交易进行排序而获取的利润。 DeFi的智能合约系统利用低效优势，提供了多种收入来源。 套利是链上获利最常见的方式。 对于矿工来说，Flashbots减少了负外部性，同时也产生了更多的收入。
MEVMEV代表Miner（矿工）或Maximum Extractable Value（最大可提取价值）。 矿工（或验证者、序列器）在其生产的区块中通过其能力任意打包、排除或重新排序交易可以获得一定的利润，而MEV 便是衡量该利润的一种度量。矿工必须能够对交易进行优先级排序，以防止未经许可的区块链受到spam（垃圾邮件）和 DoS 攻击。 内存池（mempool）是理解矿工活动的基础。 内存池内存池是一个电子文件，其中包括未经确认的交易。其中每个区块包含的未确认交易笔数是有限的。矿工在选择哪些未确认交易将被打包进区块方面拥有完全的自主权。当交易被选中打包后，就会被存储在一个新的区块中，并将其广播。 
矿工通常会优先选择打包费用较高的交易，以实现利润最大化。 这促使他们寻求能够给他们带来更多利润的其他途径。 然而，做这件事的并不只有矿工：机器人扫描内存池，将打包的交易放在用户交易之前或之后，以提取价值。 可以想一下，有人在你之前购买某个代币，然后同样的代币以更高的价格卖给你！ 为了减轻处理交易对主链的影响，一个MEV研究小组创造了Flashbots。 Flashbots通常，矿工通过以太坊公共内存池竞标MEV。 通过Flashbots，研究团队创建了一个开放的沟通渠道，使拍卖和MEV竞标可以在私人内存池上进行。 
搜索者（Searchers）是这一过程中的关键参与者：他们能够利用Defi市场中的信息不对称。由于搜索者的激烈竞争，矿工可能只会选择支付最高交易费用的交易包。搜索者向矿工支付高额的交易费用来执行捆绑。 此时，搜索者： 1.直接向分析报价的矿工出价购买区块空间。 2.将gas费降至最低，以最大限度地提高MEV回报。 3.在不降低MEV结果的情况下，为区块空间出价更高。 对矿工来说，MEV等激励措施多样化是至关重要的。如果单个矿工具有拥有获得回报的经常性优势，它可能会成为主要的区块生成器，进而会制造劣势。 如果不使 MEV 民主化，那么可能会导致利益的分配和累积不断集中化。 Flashbots Auction通过向搜索者和矿工提供获利了结功能，使MEV大众化。一些矿工在跟踪搜索者的活动后试图执行他们的交易，对此，该途径还制定了行为准则，以保护搜索者免受矿工的影响。 链上机会普华永道在其关于加密对冲基金（ |
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