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Foresight Ventures：描绘 分类 支配 MEV
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相对于 Web1 和 Web2 ，Web3 应对「MEV」负外部性已经做得很好了。 撰文：msfew MEV?Maximal extractable value (MEV) refers to the maximum value that can be extracted from block production in excess of the standard block reward and gas fees by including, excluding, and changing the order of transactions in a block. a) MEV 一直都在以太坊区块的交易排序自始至终就没有被确定的规则约束, 而是可以根据矿工的偏好来自由修改。Geth 客户端的源码中, 提供了三种示例: 其实排序完全是个开放题, 矿工可以自由进行调整, 从而捕捉更大的利润, 也就是我们讨论的主角, MEV。 在 MEV 被称为 MEV 之前, 它的 Alpha 就早已被矿工持续挖掘。flashfish0x 讲述了一个 MEV 的故事。 在 2020 年 8 月之前, Compound 的喂价由特殊的预言机 tx 来更新, 于是会有矿工监控 Mempool, 寻找可以被清算的账户, 利用闪电贷等手段进行套利。因只有套利 tx 正好在价格更新 tx 之后执行才能套利成功, 且普通矿工 ( 当时 ) 会随机排序相同 gas fee 的套利 tx, 所以套利者会以与预言机价格更新 tx 相同的 gas fee 来发送交易, 和其他套利者博取一个随机概率。 2020 年 8 月 11 日之后, Geth 发布了新版本, 预言机价格更新 tx 后到达网络的第一个 tx 将成功套利, 于是获得 tx 信息的速度也被计入了竞争的考量中。 好景不长, 2020 年 8 月 17 日, Compound 切换到了更去中心化的预言机。于是 MEV 捕捉者们的竞赛变成了纯粹的 gas war。他们尽量出到比其他人更高的价格 gas, 直到这个清算操作捕捉不到任何利润, 或者某个人胜出。 区块链网络从一开始就是这么个暗流涌动的黑暗森林, 机器人在未知的环境里和看不见的对手争夺榨取潜在利润的机会。 b) MEV 无处不在在正式解读 MEV 的定义之前, 我们可以看看关于 MEV 的一些数据, 这样就能直观地感受它的存在和影响。 
2022 年 5 月, |
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