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美国民众热衷彩票 官员寄望储蓄彩票救市
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| 近日,美国许多业内人士对总统奥巴马2月15日向国会提交3.7万亿美元的预算计划颇具微词。随后,白宫管理和预算办公室主任彼得·奥扎格在为英国《金融时报》撰写的评论文章中提出,储蓄彩票可能给美国的减赤问题带来新的思路。' g( a5 `: N' i/ B- z 奥扎格在撰文中指出,随着全球经济逐渐从低迷的境况中走出,全球重新平衡意味着美国和欧洲必须在未来增加储蓄。就像英国的“溢价债券”,以高于面值发售债券,在债券的票面利率高于金融市场的通行利率即市场利率时,期待其溢价,也就是付息频率的加快,债权的价值上升。同理,储蓄彩票可以为储蓄问题提供类似的解决办法。1 q, T& e- [# p% z- V
 美国民众对彩票的热衷程度在与日俱增。特别是低收入家庭,按照收入的百分比计算,他们将更多的钱用作购买彩票。
 - w& k1 h, I: a! V2 Z  奥扎格直言,彩票的诱惑力主要在于给予人们一个巨额财富增长的机会,但是在中奖之前并不能给人们带来幸福感。近期美国全国经济研究局的报告详述了具有获奖机会的储蓄制度。这种“与奖励相连”账户的方式是,通过一种新颖的方式提供预期之内的市场回报。
 1 I7 j, V0 w6 c! W! J+ L  据了解,英国在历史上率先发起过类似的储蓄彩票账户,这就是出现在1694年的“百万冒险”。以每张10英镑的价格,银行总计发行了10万张彩票,贫困家庭可以合伙购买彩票。彩票持有者在15年内获得6%的年回报率,同时还有机会赢得10至1000英镑的奖励。随后,运用相似理论的还有英国的以奖金代息储蓄债券,它提供赢得奖金的机会,却没有基准利率。此外,从巴西到德国、墨西哥及新西兰,有着各种与奖励挂钩的储蓄选择。
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