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这一轮熊市不一般:美股的传统对冲工具都失效了?
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在美联储激进加息和经济衰退担忧的影响下,标普500指数从年初高点暴跌超20%后陷入熊市。
但是,美国周四PMI数据给美联储加息泼了一盆冷水,市场对加息预期显著降温,使得标普500指数本周创两年来最大涨幅。
由于近期投资者对加息预期的反复变化,过去在美股大跌中起作用的传统对冲工具如今都失灵了。
一般而言,投资者可以利用股指期货、期权和国债进行对冲,或者利用情绪判断市场底部。
然而本周美股突如其来的反弹并加速上行,不仅扭转了三周连跌的势头,也令使用对冲工具的投资者付出了昂贵的代价。
看跌期权、看跌情绪和国债等对冲工具纷纷失效
近期,除了标普500指数的5%价外看跌期权不再奏效,其他对冲工具也纷纷失灵。
比如,今年上半年美股整体大幅下跌,以往这种在投资者疯狂抛售的过程中,极度悲观的市场情绪会被视为逆势买入的信号,但是如今市场情绪的反复无常使得看跌情绪读数不再奏效。
同样失灵的还有国债,在过去的熊市中,投资者会利用国债来避险,但如今这一对冲工具也失效了。
以iShares 20年以上国债ETF为例,在2020年股市崩盘和2008-2009年金融危机期间,该基金的回报率分别为14%和18%,但是今年以来该基金下跌了24%,比标普500指数跌得更多。
对此,纽约梅隆银行财富管理公司的固定收益投资主管约翰·弗拉维(John Flahive)表示:
我们正处于一个不寻常的时代,传统对冲工具失效的原因之一是利率正在被操纵,我们在上半年所经历的正是这一段(利率)调整期和这种变化所产生的摩擦(反复)。
美股对冲工具为何不再奏效?
有分析认为,这些对冲工具此番意外失效是因为“抛售趋势经常被反弹走势所打断”。
这种反趋势反弹减缓了美股整体低迷的步伐,这使得投资者从价外看跌期权中获得利润变得更难。
高盛策略师洛基·菲什曼(Rocky Fishman)对此解释:
我们可以把这比作一个有免赔额的保单,假设每个月你的房子都会遭到损坏,但只是适度的损坏,所以你无法每次从保险公司索赔到很多,但是你一直都在支付保费。
我会持续更新我看好的项目或者是看好的板块市场最新消息,大家感兴趣可以点个关注获取最新币圈资讯。 来源:金色财经 |
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