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Rene Pickhardt最近开始讨论两党和多方(两个以上参与者)支付渠道之间的差异,因为这与他在闪电网络支付可靠性方面的研究工作有关。他对这一发展方向的可行性表示越来越怀疑。 
% r" W+ l: b# R/ V  n渠道工厂提高支付可靠性的深层次原因归结为流动性分配。在只有两方渠道的网络中,用户必须对流动性的分配做出零和选择。这对整个网络中支付的整体成功率产生了系统性影响,如果人们将流动性放在不需要处理支付的地方,而不是放在需要的地方,那么随着人们需要的地方的流动性用完(直到重新平衡),支付将失败。这种动态只是闪电网络从一开始就已知的设计约束之一,以及为什么像Rene这样的研究对于使协议/网络长期工作非常重要。 
+ R' q) n, E, W' \& N( a在多方渠道模型中,用户可以将流动性分配到大型团体中,并在链下任何有意义的地方简单地“子分配”流动性。这意味着,即使节点运营商在向谁分配流动性方面做出了糟糕的决定,只要该人与一个好的同行在同一多方渠道中,他们就可以在不产生链上成本的情况下,将位置不佳的流动性从一个链下重新分配到另一个链上。 
' W7 h8 @! q+ D0 m7 X" a6 z这是有效的,因为多党渠道的概念本质上就是小组中的每个人都将传统的两党渠道叠加在多党渠道之上。通过更新根节点的多方渠道,可以在保持链下状态的同时修改、打开、关闭顶部的两个多方渠道等。雷内提出的问题是,当人们不合作时,连锁店的成本会增加。 
. K8 S' G$ E7 P$ R; \$ `  O7 LLightning的整个逻辑都是基于这样一个想法,即如果你的单渠道交易对手停止合作或响应,你可以简单地在链上提交交易来强制控制你的资金。当你有一个多方渠道时,渠道堆栈中的每个“级别”都会增加更多需要提交到区块链的交易,以执行当前状态,这意味着在高费用环境中,多方渠道在链上执行的成本将比两方渠道更高。 
7 E, F$ F  l  B# [2 r8 z) [. f在比较这些系统时,这些是需要考虑的核心权衡,但我认为只关注链上足迹忽略了链下系统更重要的一点:它们都是为了激励参与者不要上链。+ s% a7 D  x. ]5 s2 V+ n' v 
正确构建多方渠道,即如何组织堆叠在上面的渠道,可以让你将一群人分成以高可靠性或相互信任而闻名的子部分。这将使这些子组中的人仍然能够重组该子组内的流动性,即使该子组之外的人暂时没有反应,或者由于技术问题而离线。执行东西的链上成本虽然很重要,但与链下系统的核心设计目标有点脱节:给人们一个保持链下合作的理由,并消除人们不合作和强迫事情链上的理由。* x2 m. o& m+ w% U! n: X) J 
在考虑这些系统的未来时,重要的是不要忽视这些系统的核心设计方面。2 ]3 }, j, W  d( ?+ A2 y 
 
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