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总览我们已经多次介绍过 Cosmos, 和 Polkadot 类似，Cosmos 这种 Chain Agnostic Layer0 解决方案主要致力于解决其上搭建各种区块链的水平扩展问题， 相较于以太坊， Solana 这种垂直扩展解决方案，Cosmos 可以理解为由各个独立的 zone 组成的水平扩展框架， 而 Zone 可以理解为 Cosmos 框架中各种验证节点，安全假设，并且通过 IBC 进行通讯的主权区块链。 当然相较于以太坊这种节点参与验证所有 issue 的单片链（验证者的容量紧张）而言，应用特定链的网络更具有可扩展性，那么具体怎么理解呢？如果 Zone 发生拥堵，或者区块空间满了，那么另一条区块链可以接入进来，实现水平化扩展。比如 Osmosis 上应用百花齐放，导致链的扩展性遇到了瓶颈，那么可以接入新的链进来，新的链可以有自己的验证节点，也可以以消费链的形式，借用 OSMO 现有节点安全性的方式接入。注意这里水平性扩展和 IBC 的理解，IBC 解决了链与链，Zone 与 Zone 间的通信问题，而不是水平性扩展。比如他们可以通过使用 Rollups， 这些 Rollups 通过 Zone 作为结算层，实现相互通信。 如果一个 Zone 开始拥堵，那么他们也可以在执行层引入 Rollups， 并且使用 Celestia 作为数据可见层。如果某个区域开始过于拥挤，他们可以在执行层实施汇总，并让他们使用 Celestia 作为 DA 层。除了可扩展性，其设计框架和开发者友好的模块化框架也是其核心特色之一。开发者可以使用各种语言（Cosmos SDK 使用的 Go 语言开发，合约却是 Rust；Goland 作为 Cosmos SDK 的分叉，使用 Go 语言的智能合约), 目前主要语言包括 Rust, Golang, CosmWasm, JavaScript 和 Solidity 也即将接入。Cosmos SDK, Tendermint，IBC，CosmWasm 这些 Cosmos 的核心技术堆栈方便了开发者，让开发者可以专注于以应用为导向的特定区块链的开发。 相较于以太坊的可组合性和可编程性，其强调了互操作性和主权性，应用链可以有更多灵活性和选择性定制其性能，运行等参数。同时相较于 POW 等概率性确认出块模型，TendermintBFT 为主导的确定性确认机制下，其抗 MEV 的设计也引入了交易排序机制（Tranasaction order mechainism, Osmosis 是这个机制的先行者），感兴趣的朋友可以看加密经济的 MEV 博弈：Osmosis 的阈值加密技术 vs Flashbot 的 SGX?。 当然其设计的 trade off 也体现在以下问题，在跨链安全正式上线之前（Q3,2022), 目前所有 Zone 都独立负责其安全性，而以太坊上的应用都依赖于其安全性。而我们之前也提到过，一个网络的安全一定程度上取决于其质押代币维护其网络的价值，而当 TVL 大于这个价值时会给网络带来潜在风险，所以对于一些长尾/新的应用链来说，如何找到合适的安全验证节点，以及维持相对稳定的币价，显得尤为重要。 因此，跨链安全，Osmosis 的超流体质押，以及 Celestia DA，共识以及共享安全都在试图解决这个问题，对这块感兴趣的可以看 |
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